Want to know the social status of Toraja people? This article gives a little explanation
Family
The family is a major social and political groups in the Toraja. Each village is a big family. Each house had a name used as the name of the village. Families participate maintain unity village. Marriage with distant cousins (fourth cousins and so on) is a common practice that strengthens kinship. Toraja prohibits marriage with a close cousin (up to a third cousin) except for the nobles, to prevent the spread of wealth. Kinship take place on a reciprocal basis, in the sense that large families helping each other in agriculture, shared in ritual buffalo, and each pay the debt.
Everyone became a member of the family of a mother and father. Child, therefore, inherit things from her mother and father, including land and even the family debt. The child's name is given on the basis of kinship, and are usually chosen based on the name of a relative who has died. Name aunts, uncles and cousins who are usually called the name of his mother, father and siblings.
Prior to the formal government administration Tana Toraja district, each village doing its own government. In certain situations, when the Toraja family could not handle their own problems, some villages usually form groups; sometimes, some villages will be united against other villages. The relationship between the family expressed by blood, marriage, and sharing the ancestral home (tongkonan), is practically characterized by the exchange of buffaloes and pigs in the ritual. The exchange not only establish political relations and culture among families but also to put each person in the social hierarchy: who poured wine, who wrap the body and prepare offerings, where each person can and can not sit down, the plate should be used or avoided, and even pieces of meat allowed for each person.
Social class
In early Toraja society, family relationships close related to social class. There are three levels of social class:
1. Duke
2. Ordinary people
3. Slaves
But slavery was abolished in 1909 by the Dutch government. Social class is derived through the mother. It is not allowed to marry a woman from a lower class but was allowed to marry a woman of a higher class. It aims to improve the status of the next descent. Condescension of nobility to commoners still maintained until today for reasons of family dignity.
Nobility, which is believed to be descended from heaven, lived in tongkonan, while the common people stay at home more modest (bamboo hut banua). Slaves lived in small huts built near tongkonan belong to their masters. Rabble may marry anyone but the nobility usually do a wedding in the family to maintain the purity of their status. Commoners and slaves are prohibited from holding a celebration of death. Although based on kinship and descent status, there are also some social movements that can affect a person's status, such as marriage or a change in the amount of wealth. Wealth is calculated based on the number of buffalo owned.
Slaves in Toraja society is the family property. Sometimes people become slaves because Toraja in debt and pay for it by becoming a slave. Slaves could be taken during the war, and the slave trade common. Slaves could buy their freedom, but their children still inherit the status of slaves. Slaves were not allowed to wear a bronze or gold, eat from the same plate with their masters, or sexual intercourse with a free woman. The penalty for the offense that is the death penalty.
So can I say. May be useful. thanks.
The family is a major social and political groups in the Toraja. Each village is a big family. Each house had a name used as the name of the village. Families participate maintain unity village. Marriage with distant cousins (fourth cousins and so on) is a common practice that strengthens kinship. Toraja prohibits marriage with a close cousin (up to a third cousin) except for the nobles, to prevent the spread of wealth. Kinship take place on a reciprocal basis, in the sense that large families helping each other in agriculture, shared in ritual buffalo, and each pay the debt.
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| Perform traditional ceremonies |
Everyone became a member of the family of a mother and father. Child, therefore, inherit things from her mother and father, including land and even the family debt. The child's name is given on the basis of kinship, and are usually chosen based on the name of a relative who has died. Name aunts, uncles and cousins who are usually called the name of his mother, father and siblings.
Prior to the formal government administration Tana Toraja district, each village doing its own government. In certain situations, when the Toraja family could not handle their own problems, some villages usually form groups; sometimes, some villages will be united against other villages. The relationship between the family expressed by blood, marriage, and sharing the ancestral home (tongkonan), is practically characterized by the exchange of buffaloes and pigs in the ritual. The exchange not only establish political relations and culture among families but also to put each person in the social hierarchy: who poured wine, who wrap the body and prepare offerings, where each person can and can not sit down, the plate should be used or avoided, and even pieces of meat allowed for each person.
Social class
In early Toraja society, family relationships close related to social class. There are three levels of social class:
1. Duke
2. Ordinary people
3. Slaves
But slavery was abolished in 1909 by the Dutch government. Social class is derived through the mother. It is not allowed to marry a woman from a lower class but was allowed to marry a woman of a higher class. It aims to improve the status of the next descent. Condescension of nobility to commoners still maintained until today for reasons of family dignity.
Nobility, which is believed to be descended from heaven, lived in tongkonan, while the common people stay at home more modest (bamboo hut banua). Slaves lived in small huts built near tongkonan belong to their masters. Rabble may marry anyone but the nobility usually do a wedding in the family to maintain the purity of their status. Commoners and slaves are prohibited from holding a celebration of death. Although based on kinship and descent status, there are also some social movements that can affect a person's status, such as marriage or a change in the amount of wealth. Wealth is calculated based on the number of buffalo owned.
Slaves in Toraja society is the family property. Sometimes people become slaves because Toraja in debt and pay for it by becoming a slave. Slaves could be taken during the war, and the slave trade common. Slaves could buy their freedom, but their children still inherit the status of slaves. Slaves were not allowed to wear a bronze or gold, eat from the same plate with their masters, or sexual intercourse with a free woman. The penalty for the offense that is the death penalty.
So can I say. May be useful. thanks.
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