Do you know the characteristics of buffalo in Toraja society tradition?
Buffalo is the most important animal for Toraja people, one of ethnic in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. For Toraja ethnicity, especially Toraja Sa'dan, buffalo is the most important animal in their social life. The buffalo or in the local language tedong or carembau can not be separated from the daily life of the community. In addition to being an animal to meet the needs of social life, traditional rituals and beliefs, buffaloes are also a tool of social status, as well as transaction.
Buffalo is also a major animal in parties and ceremonies. Although it is rare to find the practice of slaughtering buffalo at the party, alleged practice in Toraja is a typical Asian culture that remains. Compared to pigs or chickens that are also important for Torajans, buffalos are much more of a social value. Especially in agriculture, rice fields and fields as well as in the cultural rituals of tuka 'sign and the solo sign that characterizes Toraja agricultural society. Both in agricultural business and cultural rituals, buffalo becomes a very ordinary transaction tool. In addition as a means of transactions in the sale and purchase of land, buffaloes become animal victims at parties 'tuka' signs and signs 'solo'. The buffalo fight at the death parties is the attraction and the entertainment of the people. So important, in Toraja buffalo gets besides preferential treatment, even with respect but also various designations and titles.
Although generally buffalo has a high social value, but the Toraja people have a way of assessing their buffalo. The high value of buffalo depends on the quality of the buffalo according to generally accepted judgments, and it seems to have been used for generations since the time of the ancestors. This assessment also applies to current buffalo traders in determining prices. In general, Torajans judge buffaloes from horns, skin tones and fur, and posture, as well as signs on the body. The quality of buffalo can be seen in the way the Toraja people themselves group buffalo based on the kind they know. One such proof of the importance of buffalo in Torajan culture is by the existence of a number of categories from various types of buffalo.
1. Based on the Horn
Buffalo horn determines its value. However, the role of horns for male buffaloes is more important than in female buffalo. Usually the size and shape of the female buffalo horn is not too calculated. Not so with bull buffalo. Buffalo horns become a meaningful decorative tool in society. In homes tongkonan buffalo horns are prepared in front of the house, as a symbol of the status of a person or tongkonan. The value of one young buffalo is determined by its horn display. The longer the more valuable. The price will automatically fall if there is a defect in the horn, or the shape is not proportional to the buffalo body. This measure is used in transactions that use buffalo. Generally, buffalo is used as a means of payment in the sale and purchase transactions of wetlands or gardens, mortgage and in the party of death. As a measuring tool, Torajan people wear the size of limbs (hands).
2. Size
* The lampa taruno, meaning the size is the same as the length of the middle finger joint of the adult.
* Duang lampa taruno, meaning the size is equal to the length of two middle finger of an adult.
* The rakka ', meaning the size is equal to the length of one middle finger of an adult.
* Limbong nutmeg ', meaning the size is equal to the half-length of the palm of an adult's hand.
* Sangkumabe 'means the size is the same as the length of the palm of an adult's hand.
* The lengo, meaning the size is the same as the length of the fingertips to the wrist of an adult.
* The nutmeg ', meaning the size is equal to the wrist length plus four fingers.
* The ponto muffle, meaning the size is the same as the wrist length plus half the arm of an adult's hand.
3. Shape
In addition to its size, the shape of the horn also has significance in giving value to the buffalo. The Toraja people distinguish the following horn forms:
- horn tarangga, the horns that come out and form a semicircle. This type is very common in Toraja. For male buffalo, this type is very strong in buffalo fight.
- horn pampang, ie the horn out and widened tend to be long. Horns of this type are usually formed from buffalo balian.
- sikki 'horns, ie horns which are almost the same direction as tarangga but tend to close together and even close together.
- sokko horns, ie horns whose direction drops down and almost meet under the neck. With a certain color its value becomes very expensive.
- Tekken Langi ', ie the horn that leads in opposite direction, one down and one up.
* Alla 'tarin, meaning the size is the same as the length up above the elbow
* Inanna, meaning its size past the elbow.
4. Based on Color
In addition to the shape and size of the horn, the perfection of a buffalo is determined by its color. Color also determines buffalo value. Broadly speaking, Toraja people recognize the following three color categories: bonga, puduk, and sambao '. Of these three categories there is still a variety of colors. The first has a relatively expensive value, following the second and third.
(1) Bonga
Bonga is a black and white combination of colored buffalo, the most beautiful looking, costing tens to hundreds of millions. In Toraja itself this type is very rare. The birth of a striped buffalo for its owner is a blessing. Attempts for cross-breeding rarely work. So the birth of bonga is very coincidental. One bonga buffalo is usually rated between 10 to 20 black buffalo.
(2) Pudu '
Pudu 'are generally well-built and black in color. This type of buffalo is very strong in the fight. At the buffalo fights at the party of death, buffalo puduk generally appear as a strong fighter. The price is usually half the price bonga.
(3) Sambao '
This type is the least of its value. The color is gray even brownish almost close to the color of the cow.
So can I say. May be useful. thanks.
| Bonga is a colored black and white combination |
Buffalo is also a major animal in parties and ceremonies. Although it is rare to find the practice of slaughtering buffalo at the party, alleged practice in Toraja is a typical Asian culture that remains. Compared to pigs or chickens that are also important for Torajans, buffalos are much more of a social value. Especially in agriculture, rice fields and fields as well as in the cultural rituals of tuka 'sign and the solo sign that characterizes Toraja agricultural society. Both in agricultural business and cultural rituals, buffalo becomes a very ordinary transaction tool. In addition as a means of transactions in the sale and purchase of land, buffaloes become animal victims at parties 'tuka' signs and signs 'solo'. The buffalo fight at the death parties is the attraction and the entertainment of the people. So important, in Toraja buffalo gets besides preferential treatment, even with respect but also various designations and titles.
| Black buffalo |
Although generally buffalo has a high social value, but the Toraja people have a way of assessing their buffalo. The high value of buffalo depends on the quality of the buffalo according to generally accepted judgments, and it seems to have been used for generations since the time of the ancestors. This assessment also applies to current buffalo traders in determining prices. In general, Torajans judge buffaloes from horns, skin tones and fur, and posture, as well as signs on the body. The quality of buffalo can be seen in the way the Toraja people themselves group buffalo based on the kind they know. One such proof of the importance of buffalo in Torajan culture is by the existence of a number of categories from various types of buffalo.
1. Based on the Horn
Buffalo horn determines its value. However, the role of horns for male buffaloes is more important than in female buffalo. Usually the size and shape of the female buffalo horn is not too calculated. Not so with bull buffalo. Buffalo horns become a meaningful decorative tool in society. In homes tongkonan buffalo horns are prepared in front of the house, as a symbol of the status of a person or tongkonan. The value of one young buffalo is determined by its horn display. The longer the more valuable. The price will automatically fall if there is a defect in the horn, or the shape is not proportional to the buffalo body. This measure is used in transactions that use buffalo. Generally, buffalo is used as a means of payment in the sale and purchase transactions of wetlands or gardens, mortgage and in the party of death. As a measuring tool, Torajan people wear the size of limbs (hands).
2. Size
* The lampa taruno, meaning the size is the same as the length of the middle finger joint of the adult.
* Duang lampa taruno, meaning the size is equal to the length of two middle finger of an adult.
* The rakka ', meaning the size is equal to the length of one middle finger of an adult.
* Limbong nutmeg ', meaning the size is equal to the half-length of the palm of an adult's hand.
* Sangkumabe 'means the size is the same as the length of the palm of an adult's hand.
* The lengo, meaning the size is the same as the length of the fingertips to the wrist of an adult.
* The nutmeg ', meaning the size is equal to the wrist length plus four fingers.
* The ponto muffle, meaning the size is the same as the wrist length plus half the arm of an adult's hand.
3. Shape
In addition to its size, the shape of the horn also has significance in giving value to the buffalo. The Toraja people distinguish the following horn forms:
- horn tarangga, the horns that come out and form a semicircle. This type is very common in Toraja. For male buffalo, this type is very strong in buffalo fight.
- horn pampang, ie the horn out and widened tend to be long. Horns of this type are usually formed from buffalo balian.
- sikki 'horns, ie horns which are almost the same direction as tarangga but tend to close together and even close together.
- sokko horns, ie horns whose direction drops down and almost meet under the neck. With a certain color its value becomes very expensive.
- Tekken Langi ', ie the horn that leads in opposite direction, one down and one up.
* Alla 'tarin, meaning the size is the same as the length up above the elbow
* Inanna, meaning its size past the elbow.
4. Based on Color
In addition to the shape and size of the horn, the perfection of a buffalo is determined by its color. Color also determines buffalo value. Broadly speaking, Toraja people recognize the following three color categories: bonga, puduk, and sambao '. Of these three categories there is still a variety of colors. The first has a relatively expensive value, following the second and third.
(1) Bonga
Bonga is a black and white combination of colored buffalo, the most beautiful looking, costing tens to hundreds of millions. In Toraja itself this type is very rare. The birth of a striped buffalo for its owner is a blessing. Attempts for cross-breeding rarely work. So the birth of bonga is very coincidental. One bonga buffalo is usually rated between 10 to 20 black buffalo.
(2) Pudu '
Pudu 'are generally well-built and black in color. This type of buffalo is very strong in the fight. At the buffalo fights at the party of death, buffalo puduk generally appear as a strong fighter. The price is usually half the price bonga.
(3) Sambao '
This type is the least of its value. The color is gray even brownish almost close to the color of the cow.
So can I say. May be useful. thanks.
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